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Posterior Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion: Procedure and Recovery

To help you discuss posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion as a treatment option with your orthopedic surgeon, here’s a breakdown of this surgical procedure.

What Is Posterior Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion?

Posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion is a surgical procedure performed through the back of the neck to relieve pressure over compressed nerves in the cervical spine region caused by inflamed spinal tissue or nerves. The procedure removes portions of the cervical vertebrae causing compression of the spinal cord and nerves, followed by fusion of the adjacent vertebrae to restore spinal stability.

Anatomy of the Cervical Spine

The cervical spine is composed of the first seven vertebrae (C1-C7), which support the neck and the head. The vertebrae are protected by spongy vertebral discs and supported by ligaments that hold them together. Damage or degeneration of the vertebral bodies or discs can lead to nerve compression causing pain, weakness, numbness,or tingling in the part of the body that the nerve supplies.

When Is Posterior Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion Recommended?

Posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion is commonly used to treat spinal stenosis, which is the narrowing of the spinal canal, causing enlargement of the joint and pressure on the spinal nerves.

The causes of spinal stenosis include:

  • Degenerative spinal conditions such as herniated discs
  • Osteophytes or bone spurs
  • Cervical fractures
  • Tumors
  • Infection

Preparing for Posterior Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion Surgery

To prepare for posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion surgery, your orthopedic surgeon will review your medical history, perform a thorough examination, and order diagnostic tests, such as blood work and imaging.

You will need to refrain from medications such as blood thinners, aspirin, or anti-inflammatory drugs up to two weeks before surgery; avoid alcohol and or tobacco at least 24 hours before surgery; abstain from any solids or liquids at least eight hours before surgery.

How Is Posterior Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion Surgery Performed?

During the posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion, the orthopedic surgeon will perform the following procedure:

  • Make an incision over the back of the neck, at the level of compression.
  • Retract the muscles and soft tissues to expose the lamina or roof of the vertebra.
  • Remove a section of the lamina or the entire lamina to eliminate the pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots.
  • Remove any other sources of compression, such as bone spurs, or damaged discs.
  • Perform a spinal fusion by inserting a bone graft or bone graft substitute in the place of the removed vertebral body or discs.
  • Fix rods, plates, and screws to the treated vertebrae for additional support and stability.
  • Realign the muscles and soft tissues, close the incision with sutures, and cover it with sterile bandages.

What Happens After Posterior Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion Surgery?

Here is what the recovery process is like following posterior laminectomy and fusion surgery:

  • The patient is transferred to the recovery area for observation by a nurse.
  • The patient may need to stay in the hospital for up to three days.
  • The patient will most likely be able to walk around on the same day.
  • The patient may wear a neck brace for a few weeks to restrict movement and promote healing.
  • The patient will receive medications to manage pain, swelling, and infection.
  • The patient will receive an individualized physical therapy treatment plan to help strengthen spine muscles and optimize spine function.

Following surgery, the patient is encouraged to follow these guidelines:

  • Avoid strenuous activities, twisting, or lifting heavy weights for at least a month.
  • Gradually increase activities over a period of 4 to 6 weeks.
  • Resume your normal activities in a couple of months.
  • Avoid sports or other strenuous activity for 3 to 6 months.
  • Visit your orthopedic surgeon during periodic follow ups.

What Are the Risks and Complications of Posterior Laminectomy and Fusion Surgery?

The risks and complications of posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion surgery include:

  • Infection
  • Pain
  • Nerve damage
  • Bleeding
  • Blood clots
  • Spinal fluid leakage
  • Bowel and bladder problems
  • Fusion failure
  • Anesthetic risks

Is your pain causing you stress? Is your immobility interfering with your quality of life? Posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion may be a solution for you. Let us help.